Nitroprusside
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Trade Name
Nipride
Mechanism
Sodium Nitroprusside contains five cyanide groups and a it nitrosyl group surrounding by a ferrous ion center. Its breakdown once entering the body releases cyanide and nitric oxide. The release of nitric oxide is what is thought to give Sodium Nitroprusside its vasodilating effect. The cyanide groups are metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine.
Dose
- 3 mcg/kg/min IV - titrate to effect
- Dose should not exceed 10 mcg/kg/minute
Indications
Used during Cardiopulmonary bypass to dilate arterial vessels.
Site of action
Arterial and venous smooth muscle
Adverse Effects
Excessive hypotension. Cyanide poisoning.
Contraindications
Renal disease. Hepatic disease. Pregnancy
References
The Manual of Clinical Perfusion page 228